What can computers do?
Computers and microchips have become part of our everyday lives: we visit shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we read magazines which have been produced on computer, we pay bills prepared by computers. Just picking up a telephone and dialling a number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system, as does making a flight reservation or bank transaction.
We encounter daily many computers that spring to life the instant they’re switched on (e.g. calculators, the car’s electronic ignition, the timer in the microwave, or the programmer inside the TV set), all of which use chip technology.
What makes your computer such a miraculous device? Each time you turn it, on, it is a tabula rasa that, with appropriate hardware and software, is capable of doing anything you ask. It is a calculating machine that speeds up financial calculations. It is an electronic, filing cabinet which manages large collections of data such as customers’ lists, accounts, or inventories? It is a magical typewriter that allows you to type and print any kind of document — letters, memos or legal documents. It is a personal communicator that enables you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. If you like gadgets and electronic entertainment, you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
Exercise 7. Other computer applications
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n small groups, choose one of the areas in the diagram below and discuss what computers can do in this area.
Useful words
Formula 1: racing car, car body, design, mechanical parts, electronic components, engine speed
Entertainment: game, music, animated image, multimedia, encyclopaedia
Factories: machinery, robot, production line, computer-aided manufacturing software
Hospitals: patients, medical personnel, database program, records, scanner, diagnose, disease, robot, surgery
Useful constructions
Computers are used to .
A PC can also be used for.
Computers can help / make / control / store / keep / provide / manage / give / perform / measure / test / provide access to.
Now write a short paragraph summarising your discussion. Then ask one person from your group to give a summary of the group’s ideas to the rest of the class.
In business, computers are used for financial planning, accounting and specific calculations.
In the office, computers are used to write letters and e-mails, and keep records of clients, suppliers and employees.
Unit 2 computer essentials
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xercise 1.Look at the picture and label the elements of this computer system. Then read the text What is a computer? and check your answers.
What is a computer?
Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in a specified
format as information.
Three basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computer’s memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form (see the diagram below the text).
Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware. A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals.
Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units. In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer. The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU. The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/output devices.
(floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. Disk drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks. Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.
On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners.
These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration.
Exercise 2. Use the information in the text and the diagram to help you match the terms in the box with the appropriate explanation or definition below.
a software b peripheral devices c monitor
d floppy disk e hardware f input
g port h output i central processing unit
The brain of the computer.
Physical parts that make up a computer system.
Programs which can be used on a particular computer system.
The information which is presented to the computer.
Results produced by a computer.
Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.
Visual display unit.
Small device used to store information. Same as ‘diskette’.
Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may be connected.
Exercise 3. Read these slogans or quotations, and say what computer element they refer to.
1 a ‘Point and click here for power.’
b ‘Obeys every impulse as if it were an extension of your hand.’
2 a ‘Displays your ideas with perfect brilliance.’
b ‘See the difference — sharp images and a fantastic range of colours.’
3 a ‘I love this drive. It’s quiet and fast.’
b ‘With this it’s easy to back up your data before it’s too late.’
4 a ‘Power and speed on the inside.’
b ‘Let your computer’s brain do the work.’
5 a ‘. a big impact on the production of text and graphics.’
b ‘Your choice: a laser powerhouse.’
Exercise 4. Answer these questions.
Have you got a computer at home, school or work? What kind is it?
How often do you use it? What do you use it for?
What are the main components and features (the configuration) of your computer system?
Тут вы можете оставить комментарий к выбранному абзацу или сообщить об ошибке.
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Computer Architecture — тест 7
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WHAT CAN COMPUTERS DO?
From the first electronic digital computers of the forties to to-day’s versatile computers and most up-to-date microcomputers, very little has changed as far as basic computer operation is concerned. In the last thirty years, vast improvements in the size, speed and capabilities of computers have taken place. But to-day digital computers still use the same logical operations as their predecessors. There are many basic concepts that can be applied to all types of computers, including microcomputers.
For the most part, human beings can do whatever computers can do, but computers can do it with much greater speed and accuracy, though computers perform all the calculations and operations one step at a time. A computer is faster and more accurate than people, but unlike most people it must be given a complete set of instructions that tell it exactly what to do at each step of its operation. This set of instructions, called a programme is prepared by one or more persons for each job a computer is to do. These programmes are placed in the computer’s memory unit in binary-coded form, with each instruction having unique code.
Computers are often used in applications where the results of their calculations are required immediately to be used in controlling a process. These are called real-time applications; they are often found in industrial process control in industries such as paper mills, oil refineries, chemical plants, and many others. The measuring systems send their signals to the computer which processes them and responds with appropriate control signals to be sent back to the process.
Computers in present use range considerably: from tiny things to big fellows. The microcomputer, for one, is the smallest and the newest member of the computer family. It usually consists of several integrated circuit chips, including a microprocessor chip, memory chips, and input/output interface chips which are a result of tremendous advances in large-scale integration.
Minicomputers are larger than microcomputers, they are widely used in industrial control systems, scientific institutions, and research laboratories. Although more expensive than microcomputers, minicomputers continue to be widely used because they are generally faster and possess more capabilities.
The largest computers (“maxicomputers”) are those found in research centres, large scientific laboratories, big universities.
Most of the computer principles and concepts are common to all categories of computers, although there can be tremendous variations from computer to computer.
A question sometimes arises whether computers are able to think. As a matter of fact they do not think. The computer programmer provides a programme of instructions and data which specifies every detail of what to do, how to do, and when to do it. The computer is simply a high-speed machine which can manipulate data, solve problems, and make decisions, all under the control of the programme. If the programmer makes a mistake in the programme or puts in the wrong data, the computer will produce wrong results.
Every computer contains five essential elements or units: the arithmetic logic unit, the memory unit, the control unit, the input unit, and the output unit.
The arithmetic logic unit is the area of the computer in which arithmetic and logic operations are performed on data.
The memory unit stores groups of binary digits (words) that can represent instructions (programme) which the computer is to perform and the data that are to be operated on by the programme. The input unit consists of all the devices used to take information and data that are external to the computer and put it into the memory unit.
The output unit consists of the devices used to transfer data and information from the computer to the outside world.
The control unit directs the operation of all the other units by providing timing and control signals. This unit contains logic and timing circuits that generate the signal necessary to execute each instruction in a programme.
2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
електронно-цифровий комп’ютер, рахунок, набір інструкцій, унікальний код, мікропроцесор, мікросхема пам’яті, мікросхема інтерфейсу, арифметично-логічний пристрій, модуль пам’яті, модуль управління, дані, пристрій вводу, пристрій виводу, часова схема.
3. Find odd words:
mill, refinery, computer, plant;
circuit, chip, unit, program;
results, data, news, information.
4. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
| 1. digital |
| 2. accurate |
| 3. complete |
| 4. appropriate |
| 5. fast |
| 6. expensive |
| 7. common |
| 8. able |
| 9. external |
| 10. essential |
5.Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
1. Vast improvements in the size, speed and capabilities of computers (to take place) in 1980s.
2. These programs (to be placed) in the computer’s memory unit in binary-coded form.
3. Charles Babbage (to design) the first computer in 1833.
4. Computers (to be found) in industrial process control in 1980s.
5. The computer programmers (to provide) a program of instructions and data.
6. Even in 1980s every computer (to contain) five essential elements or units.
6.Answer the following questions:
Where do human beings use computers?
What does the microcomputer consist of?
What is the difference between microcomputers and minicomputers?
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Упражнения по теме «Computers»
Знакомясь с английским языком еще в школе, дети рано узнают такие широко используемые слова, как cookies (печеньки), bugs (жуки), clouds (облака), но в классах постарше сталкиваются с ними уже совсем в новом значении.
Некоторые слова на тему «компьютер, интернет и современные технологии» могут показаться нашим студентам даже странными. Давайте разберемся, зачем учить лексику по этой теме и как это делать эффективно.
Зачем нужна компьютерная лексика английского языка?
Трудоустройство. Для тех ваших студентов, которые уже работают в сфере IT и компьютерных технологий либо только планируют входить в эту сферу — это единственный верный путь к выходу на международный рынок и заказчиков. Благодаря хорошему словарному запасу профессиональной лексики, они смогут лучше понимать коллег и заказчиков и быть в курсе международных новостей в мире IT-технологий.
Образование. Сегодня есть множество бесплатных и платных курсов по различным профессиям в сфере «Компьютерные науки». Обратите внимание на следующие курсы от Coursera и Udemy. Для их успешного прохождения, вашим студентам потребуются хотя бы базовые знания терминологии. Кстати, если вы работаете с подростками и старшеклассниками, которым очень интересны технологии, можно обратить их внимание на этот наш пост в Instagram.
Расширение словарного запаса. Даже если у ваших учеников нет целей, связанных с IT-технологиями, знание лексики на эту тему поможет расширить словарный запас, что необходимо для успешной сдачи любого экзамена, будь то ОГЭ/ЕГЭ или TOEFL/IELTS или другие. Кроме того, знание современных терминов поможет вашим студентом разбираться в современных технологиях и чувствовать себя комфортно в дискуссиях на эту тему.
Упражнения для запоминания новых слов
Level: Beginner, Elementary
Для работы в младших классах мы очень часто используем яркие изображения или картинки. Воспользуйтесь и в этом случае.
Упражнение 1. Создайте электронные карточки для онлайн уроков и распечатайте их для обычных уроков со следующими базовыми словами на тему Computer and technologies.
Например: smartphone, mp3 player, games console, laptop, tablet, electric toothbrush, smartwatch, electric scooter.
Упражнение 2. Сделайте свои собственные worksheets с нужными словами и разными заданиями.
Упражнение 3. Say and guess
Дети по очереди загадывают гаджет и называют действие, которое могут с его помощью выполнять. Другие ученики и учитель отгадывают предмет.
- It helps me listen to music.
- It’s an mp3 player.
- I can watch films on it.
- It’s a laptop.
- I can brush my teeth.
- It’s an electric toothbrush.
Благодаря этому упражнению дети запомнят не только новые слова, но и действия, которые с ними связаны.
Class: Teenagers, Adults.
Упражнение 1: Ask, answer or continue.
Это упражнение поможет выявить уже имеющийся словарный запас, а также даст ученикам возможность самим понять некоторые слова из контекста. Преподаватель задает вопросы либо просит ученика продолжить предложения:
- How can you use your mobile phone?
- When do you and your friend use games consoles?
- Laptop, mouse, games console are ….
- I use my Personal Computer to…
- Do you know what a «digital company» is? Can you bring examples? (Microsoft, Apple, Xiaomi, etc).
Упражнение 2. Build new words
Выберите тему, которую хотите обсудить и позвольте студенту самому построить новые слова. Например, посмотрите видео о кибербезопасности.
Задайте вопрос: Do you know, what cybersecurity is? Is it important? What other words with «cyber» do you know?
При работе с подростками прекрасно подойдет видеоролик Wise on the Web, который расскажет как безопасно пользоваться интернетом. Выучите новую лексику с помощью упражнения.
Подобные задания вы можете с легкостью создать сами, используя любой иллюстратор, например, Canva. Также можно воспользоваться уже готовыми рабочими карточками из свободного доступа.
Упражнение 3: Essay
Задайте своему студенту написать эссе на любую из выбранных тем:
- A day without computers: what might happen to the world?
- The history of Google.
- The Internet: how it changes our life.
- Virtual teachers vs real teachers.
- Danger on the Internet: how to protect my personal data?
Благодаря этому упражнению, студенты смогут на практике использовать весь новый лексический запас и закрепить материал.
Для запоминания студентами новой лексики по теме “Компьютеры, интернет и компьютерные технологии” можно применять те же техники, что и обычно: мнемоника, метод локуса, сторителлинг. Подробнее о том, как помочь ученикам легко запоминать слова вы найдете в этом видео и статье “Запоминаем слова легко”.
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